Theravadan and Mahayana Buddhism
Buddhism, one of the world’s oldest and most influential religions, has undergone a remarkable evolution over the centuries, giving rise to two major traditions: Theravada and Mahayana. These two branches, while sharing a common foundation in the teachings of the Buddha, have developed distinct beliefs, practices, and interpretations that have shaped the spiritual landscape of various regions across Asia and beyond.
Theravada Buddhism, often referred to as the “Doctrine of the Elders,” is the oldest surviving Buddhist tradition, tracing its roots directly to the original teachings of the historical Buddha, Siddhartha Gautama. It is predominantly practiced in countries such as Sri Lanka, Thailand, Myanmar, Cambodia, and Laos.
Mahayana Buddhism, on the other hand, emerged several centuries after the Buddha’s passing and is widely followed in regions like China, Japan, Korea, Vietnam, and Tibet.
Historical background of Theravada and Mahayana Buddhism
The origins of Theravada and Mahayana Buddhism can be traced back to the early centuries after the Buddha’s death, around the 3rd century BCE. During this period, various Buddhist councils were held to preserve and interpret the Buddha’s teachings, which were initially transmitted orally. The Theravada tradition emerged from the efforts of the elders (theras) who sought to maintain the original teachings as closely as possible.
Mahayana Buddhism, which means “Great Vehicle,” arose as a distinct tradition several centuries later, around the 1st century BCE to the 3rd century CE. It was born out of a desire to make the Buddha’s teachings more accessible and inclusive, catering to a wider range of practitioners, including laypeople and those who aspired to become bodhisattvas (enlightened beings who vow to help others attain enlightenment).